【USHWANKATHELO】

I-Legionellosis yinyumoniya eyingozi ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-genus Legionella eyabelwe usapho lweLegionellaceae. Olu sapho ngoku lubandakanya iindidi ezingama-48 kunye namaqela angama-60. Malunga neentlobo ezingama-20 zichaphazeleka kwizifo zabantu. Uninzi losulelo lweLegionella lubangelwa yiLegionella pneumophila. Isifo seLegionnaires sesona sibonakaliso siphambili seklinikhi sosulelo lweLegionella nangona usulelo lwangaphandle kwemiphunga kunye nesifo esingesosenyongo njengePontiac fever. Igama elithi Legionella pneumophila lithatyathwe kuqhambuko olukhulu kwiNgqungquthela yoMkhosi waseMelika ngo-1976 ePhiladelphia. ILegionella pneumophila inoxanduva losulelo olumalunga ne-90%, kwaye kwezi, ngaphezulu kwama-80% kungenxa yeserogroup enye, i-serogroup 1. 2 Iibhaktheriya zeLegionella zincinci ezingcolisa iGram-negative rods ezinepolar flagella. Iibhaktheriya zeLegionella zisasazeke ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokuhlala zendalo kunye nezendalo zasemanzini ezenziwe ngabantu. Zifumaneka ngokulula kumanzi amatsha, iinqaba zokupholisa kunye neenkqubo zamanzi okusela. Izinto eziphilayo ziyakwazi ukuphila kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko, kwaye ubushushu buyinto ebalulekileyo yokunyuka kweLegionella. Usulelo lweNosocomial lunxulunyaniswa ngakumbi nekoloniyali yenkqubo yamanzi ashushu esibhedlele nguLegionella. Ixesha lokufukamela i-Legionnaires’ disease emva kokuba uchanabeke kwibhaktheriya lisuka kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezilishumi. Uninzi lwezigulana ezilaliswe esibhedlele ziba nobushushu obuphezulu ngokufuthi obungaphezu kwama-39.5°C (103°F). Ukhohlokhohlo lunokuba luphawu lokuqala losulelo lwemiphunga. Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka intloko ebuhlungu, imisipha ebuhlungu, isifuba esibuhlungu, kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane. Iimpawu zesisu zixhaphakile. Isifo seLegionnaires (LD) asosuleli. Esi sifo sisasazwa yi-aerosol, kwaye akukho bungqina bosulelo lomntu ngqo-ukuya-emntwini. Abantu abasemngciphekweni ngabo amajoni omzimba asengozini, kuquka abo bafakelwa utyando, abantu abadala, abatshayayo, okanye abo babonisa isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo okanye isifo sezintso. Ukuxilongwa kwe-legionellosis kunokuba nzima kuba iimpawu kunye neempawu azichanekanga kwaye awazihluli usulelo lwe-L. pneumophila kwezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo zenyumoniya. Usulelo lwe-L. pneumophila lubonwa luxhaphake ngokufanelekileyo kodwa mhlawumbi aluqatshelwanga kwaye luxelwe ngaphantsi. Uxilongo olungaphantsi lwe-legionellosis lunokuthi ngokuyinxenye lubalelwe kwimfuno yeendlela zovavanyo olukhawulezayo, olukhethekileyo kunye nolubuthathaka. I-Legionella pneumophila Rapid Test Cassette (Umchamo) ibona i-antigen enyibilikayo esuka kwi-L .pneumophila serogroup 1 kumchamo.

【IZIKHOKELO ZOKUSETYENZISWA】

Vumela uvavanyo, umfuziselo, kunye/okanye nolawulo ukufikelela kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi (15-30°C) phambi kovavanyo. 1. Vula isingxobo uze ususe isixhobo. Nje ukuba ivulwe, yenza uvavanyo ngoko nangoko. 2. Jikelezisa umchamo ngobunono ukuze uxube phambi kovavanyo. 3. Yongeza amathontsi ama-4 esampuli yomchamo ojijekileyo (malunga ne-100 μL) kwisampulu yequla. 4. Lindela umgca wombala uvele. Funda iziphumo ngemizuzu eyi-15, musa ukutolika iziphumo emva kwemizuzu engama-20.