【KA MANAO ANA】 

ʻO Clostridium difficile kahi bacteria anaerobic e hana ana ma ke ʻano he pathogen kūpono: ulu ia i loko o ka ʻōpū ke hoʻololi ʻia ka pua maʻamau e ka mālama ʻana me antibiotic. ʻO nā maʻi ʻawaʻawa o Clostridium difficile ke kumu i nā maʻi mai ka milddiarrhea a i ka pseudomembranous colitis, a hiki i ka make. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi e ʻelua mau mea ʻawaʻawa i hoʻopuka ʻia e nā ʻano toxinogenic o C.difficile: Toxin A (tissue-poino enterotoxin) a me Toxin B (cytotoxin). Hoʻopuka kekahi mau mea ʻawaʻawa i ka toxin A a me B, hoʻopuka kekahi i ka Toxin B wale nō. Ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau ʻia nei ke kuleana o ke kolu (binary) toxin i ka pathogenicity. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona antigen o C.difficile proliferation ua hōʻike ʻia i ka maikaʻi loa no ka mea, hoʻopuka nā kānana āpau i ka nui o kēia enzyme. Hāʻawi ʻo Clostridium K-SeT i ka ʻike kikoʻī o ka GDH o C.difficile i loko o ka pahu pahu. Pono e noiʻi hou ʻia nā laʻana me ka hopena Clostridium K-SeT maikaʻi no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka toxicity o ka bacteria.

【HOOLAHA】  

ʻO Clostridia (nā lālā o ka genus Clostridium) he anaerobic, motile bacteria, mau ma ke ʻano, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lepo. Ma lalo o ka microscope, ʻike ʻia lākou he mau pūnaewele lōʻihi, ʻano like ʻole (pinepine i ka pahu pahu- a i ʻole spindle-ke ʻano) me kahi puʻupuʻu ma ko lākou wēlau. Ma lalo o ka Gram staining, C. difficile cell are Gram-positive a hōʻike i ka ulu maikaʻi loa ma ke koko agar i nā wela kino o ke kanaka me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka oxygen. Ke hoʻokaumaha ʻia, hoʻopuka ka hua bacteria i nā spores i hiki ke ʻae i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole hiki i ka bacteria hana ke ʻae. Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo C. difficile i loko o ke kolo kanaka; aia ma 2–5% o ka heluna kanaka makua. I kekahi manawa, loaʻa i ka lāʻau antibiotic no nā maʻi like ʻole ka hopena o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke koena maʻamau o ka pua o ka ʻōpū, a laila hiki ke lanakila ʻo C. difficile, e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi Clostridium difficile.

【OLELO HOOLAHA】  

E ʻae i ka mea hoʻāʻo, ka laʻana hoʻāʻo a me ka pale e hoʻohālikelike i ka wela lumi (15-30°C) ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. E ʻoluʻolu e nānā i ke kāleka kaʻina hana ma kēia pahu. E wehe i ka ʻeke a wehe i ka mea hana. Ke wehe ʻia, e holo koke i ka hoʻāʻo. E hōʻike i ka inoa o ka mea maʻi a i ʻole ka helu hōʻike ma ka hāmeʻa (hoʻokahi mea no ka laʻana)

1. E wehe i ka paipu FSS a e hoohana i ka wili no ka ohi ana i ka laana (A). He 4% paha w/v ka ratio dilution. E mālama pono ʻaʻole e lawe nui loa (B1) a i ʻole mea hoʻohālike liʻiliʻi loa (B2). No nā laʻana wai a semi-liquid, pipette 80 μL o ka laʻana me ka micropipette (ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia) i loko o ka hue FSS.

2. E hoʻokomo i ka wili i ka FSS a hoʻopaʻa i ka pāpale. Vortex ka hoʻomākaukau e homogenize (C). Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka laʻana o ka pahu holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka hopena.

3. Wehe i ke kiko o ka pāpale (D) a hoʻokahe i 4 kulu o ka laʻana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka luawai laʻana o ka hāmeʻa e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma lalo nei. No ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hāʻawi pono ʻana, pono e paʻa ʻia ka hue FSS 4. E waiho no 15 mau minuke. ʻIke ʻia nā hopena ma ka puka heluhelu.